Java Programming Assignment Help

INTRODUCTION

Java maybe a high-level programing language developed by Sun Microsystems. It was originally designed for developing programs for set-top boxes and hand-held devices, however, later became a preferred selection for making internet applications.

The Java syntax is like C++ but is strictly an object-oriented programming language. For example, Java programs also contain classes, which are used to specify objects, and methods, which are assigned to single classes. Java is additionally well-known for being stricter than C++, meaning variables and functions must be explicitly defined. This means Java source code may bring on errors or "exceptions" more easily than other languages, but it also limits other types of errors that may be caused by vague variables or unassigned types.

Unlike Windows executables (.EXE files) or Macintosh applications (.APP files), Java programs aren't run directly by the package. Instead, Java programs were taken by the Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, that runs on multiple platforms. This means all Java programs are multiplatform and may run on completely different platforms, as well as Macintosh, Windows, and UNIX computers. However, the JVM should be put in for Java applications or applets to run in any respect. Fortunately, the JVM is included as part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).

NOTE: Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems in January 2010. Therefore, Java is now maintained and distributed by Oracle.

File extensions: .JAVA,. JAV, .JAD, .JAR, .JSP, .CLASS

HISTORY

Java was started as a project known as "Oak" by James goose in June 1991. Gosling's goals were to implement a virtual machine and a language that had a well-known C-like notation however with bigger uniformity and ease than C/C++. the primary public implementation was Java one.0 in 1995. It created the promise of "Write Once, Run Anywhere", with free runtimes on widespread platforms. it absolutely was secure, and its security was configurable, providing network and file access to be restricted. the main net browsers before long incorporated it into their customary configurations during a secure "applet" configuration. widespread quickly. New versions for giant and tiny platforms (J2EE and J2ME) before long were designed with the arrival of "Java 2". Sun has not declared any plans for a "Java 3".

In 1997, Sun approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, however it presently withdrew from the method. Java remains a proprietary de facto  commonplace that's controlled through the Java Community method. Sun makes most of its Java implementations on the market for free of charge, with revenue being generated by specialized product like the Java Enterprise System. Sun distinguishes between its code Development Kit (SDK) and Runtime atmosphere (JRE) that could be a set of the SDK, the first distinction being that within the JRE the compiler is not present.

STABLE VERSION

Java SE 13 (JDK 13), the most recent version of the Java language and platform, provides options to boost the performance of Java at startup and through the process, as well as to improve the security and stability of the platform.

Java SE 13 Features

1.    Text Blocks – JEP 355

It allows us to create multiline strings easily. The multiline string must be written inside a pair of triple-double quotes. The string object created using text blocks has no additional properties. It’s an easier way to create multiline strings. We can’t use text blocks to create a single-line string. The opening triple-double quotes must be followed by a line terminator. It’s useful in easily creating HTML and JSON strings in our Java program.

2. New Methods in String Class for Text Blocks

            There are three new methods in the String class, associated with the text blocks  

            feature.

• formatted(Object… args): it’s like the String format() method. It’s added to support formatting with the text blocks.
• stripIndent(): used to remove the incidental white space characters from the beginning and end of every line in the text block. This method is used by the text blocks and it preserves the relative indentation of the content.
• translateEscapes(): returns a string whose value is this string, with escape sequences translated as if in a string literal.

3. Switch Expressions Enhancements – JEP 354

Switch expressions were added as a preview feature in Java 12 release. It’s almost same in Java 13 except that the “break” has been replaced with “yield” to return a value from the case statement.

4. Reimplement the Legacy Socket API – JEP 353

The underlying implementation of the java.net.Socket and java.net.ServerSocket APIs have been rewritten. The new implementation, NioSocketImpl, is a drop-in replacement for PlainSocketImpl. It uses java.util.concurrent locks rather than synchronized methods. If you want to use the legacy implementation, use the java option -Djdk.net.usePlainSocketImpl.

5. Dynamic CDS Archive – JEP 350

This JEP extends the class-data sharing feature, which was introduced in Java 10. Now, the creation of CDS archive and using it is much easier.

6. ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory – JEP 351

This JEP has enhanced ZGC to return unused heap memory to the operating system. The Z Garbage Collector was introduced in Java 11. It adds a short pause time before the heap memory cleanup. But the unused memory was not being returned to the operating system. This was a concern for devices with small memory footprint such as IoT and microchips. Now, it has been enhanced to return the unused memory to the operating system.

7. FileSystems.newFileSystem() Method

            Three new methods have been added to the FileSystems class to make it easier to use file                                         

            system providers, which treats the contents of a file as a file system.

• newFileSystem(Path)
• newFileSystem(Path, Map<String, ?>)
• newFileSystem(Path, Map<String, ?>, ClassLoader)

8. Support for Unicode 12.1

            There are new methods to instantiate DOM and SAX factories with Namespace  support.

• newDefaultNSInstance()
• newNSInstance()
• newNSInstance(String factoryClassName, ClassLoader classLoader)

Why JAVA is important?

Java is most significant within the current IT Sector as a result of Java is platform-independent which means a program written in Java language will execute on any platform, any machine design, any operating system that helps you to avoid wasting the time by not modifying the code on anytime on every machine you employ. Also, Java is one in all the foremost widespread programming languages want to produce net applications and platforms. It was designed for flexibility, permitting developers to put in writing code that will run on any machine, no matter design or platform.

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